982 King Otto II and his Frankish army were defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.[1]
1223 Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.[2]
1420 Battle of Vítkov Hill, decisive victory of Czech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.[3]
1430 Joan of Arc, taken by the Burgundians in May, is handed over to Pierre Cauchon, the bishop of Beauvais.[4]
1596 Anglo-Spanish War: English and Dutch troops sack the Spanish city of Cádiz before leaving the next day.[5]
16011900
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1769 An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá leaves its base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).[6]
1771 Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.[7]
1789 Storming of the Bastille in Paris. This event escalates the widespread discontent into the French Revolution.[8] Bastille Day is still celebrated annually in France.[9]
1790 Inaugural Fête de la Fédération is held to celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation.[10]
1791 Beginning of Priestley Riots (to 17 July) in Birmingham targeting Joseph Priestley as a supporter of the French Revolution.[11]
1798 The Sedition Act of 1798 becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.[12]
1808 The Finnish War: the Battle of Lapua was fought.[13]
1853 Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.[14]
1865 The first ascent of the Matterhorn is completed by Edward Whymper and his party, four of whom die on the descent.[15]
1874 The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.[16]
1881 American outlaw Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett in the Maxwell House at Fort Sumner, New Mexico.[17]
1900 Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.[18]
1901present
Edit
1902 The Campanile in St Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.[19]
1911 Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright brothers, is greeted by President Taft after he lands his aeroplane on the South Lawn of the White House, having flown from Boston.[20][21]
1915 Beginning of the McMahonHussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.[22]
1916 Battle of Delville Wood begins as an action within the Battle of the Somme, lasting until 3 September 1916.[23][24]
1933 In a decree called the Gleichschaltung, Adolf Hitler abolishes all German political parties except the Nazis.[25]
1933 Nazi eugenics programme begins with the proclamation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring requiring the compulsory sterilization of any citizen who suffers from alleged genetic disorders.[26]
1943 In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.[27]
1948 Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.[28]
1950 Korean War: beginning of the Battle of Taejon.[29]
1951 Ferrari take their first Formula One grand prix victory at the British Grand Prix at Silverstone.[30]
1957 Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.[31]
1958 In the 14 July Revolution in Iraq, the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abd al-Karim Qasim, who becomes the nation's new leader.[32]
1960 Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her study of chimpanzees in the wild.[33]
1965 Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet. The photographs take approximately six hours to be transmitted back to Earth.[34]
1983 Mario Bros. is released in Japan, beginning the popular Super Mario Bros franchise.[35][36]
2002 French president Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt from Maxime Brunerie during a Bastille Day parade at Champs-Élysées.[37]
2013 Dedication of statue of Rachel Carson, a sculpture named for the environmentalist, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.[38]
2015 NASA's New Horizons probe performs the first flyby of Pluto, and thus completes the initial survey of the Solar System.[39][40][41]
2016 A man ploughs a truck into a Bastille Day celebration in Nice, France, killing 86 people and injuring another 434 before being shot by police.[42]
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